The Analysis of Cisco Systems - 1747 Words

Wenmao Yang MBA 610AE: Organizational Behavior Professor Tammy MacLean November 16, 2011 Cisco Systems (2001): Building and Sustaining a Customer-Centric Culture Introduction/General Problem Statement: Doug Allred was Vice President of Customer Advocacy organization of the Cisco’s corporation. This organization was erected to consolidated all functions that directly touched the customer but sales to provide high-quality customer service. Since August 2001, the IT market turned down and brought severe challenges to Cisco as the company had to lay off 18% of its employees and reorganized its structure, transforming from decentralized organizational structure with three business units to centralized organization. However, these changes†¦show more content†¦Alternative Solutions: In such a situation, since the bad economic environment, it is not possible to keep the original structure to fit its culture. One possible method to solve this problem is to collect continuous customers’ feedback and to subdivide the feedback by different departments. The culture of Cisco is to keep paying attention to the customers, no matter the amount of resource. But the new structu re made the whole resources of the company useless to satisfy customers. Thus, a good way to know what customers need is to collect the feedback from them. In the article How to Change a Culture: Lessons from NUMMI, the author told us that â€Å"those of us trying to change our organizations’ culture need to define the things we want to do, the ways we want to behave†.iv By collecting the feedback of customers, each Cisco’s employee could be clarified of what they need to do to satisfy the customers. To make the feedback effective, Cisco should pay attention to two aspects. One aspect is to look for attitudes of the customers. Unlike the common survey of other companies, Cisco should constantly to collect the data and feedback from new customers. By this method, Cisco could have the newest tendency of the customers’ need. The other aspect should relate to the employees of Cisco. Just as in the article Leading by Leveraging Culture, the author says, â€Å"the strong cultureShow MoreRelatedCisco Systems Inc. : Analysis998 Words   |  4 PagesCISCO SYSTEMS INC., is one of the worldwide leaders in networking for the Internet, headquartered in San Jose, California, that manufactures, designs and sells networking equipment. Their unique hardware and software designs are used for connecting computers and PC networks, so the populace have trouble-free access to information. The company was originated by two computer scientists in 1984 from Stanford University in quest of a sim pler way to connect different types of computer systems. They distributedRead MoreFinancial Analysis of Cisco Systems3825 Words   |  16 Pagesï » ¿ Financial Analysis Of Cisco Systems (2005 – 2007) Document Owner(s) Elvira Solanes, Keith Allen, Sachin Yadav,Vijay Shankar, Xiaochen Wu Table of Contents Introduction 3 Company Overview 3 Financial Summary 3 Product Lines 4 Routing 4 Switching 4 Enterprise IP Communications 5 Security 5 Home Networking 5 Optical Networking 5 Storage Area Netwroking 5 Wieless Technology 5 Social Responsibility 5 Corporate Governance 6 Reporting Strategy 6 Organization StructureRead MoreAnalysis Of Cisco System, Inc.2104 Words   |  9 PagesIntroduction Cisco System, Inc. a company which designs manufactures and sells network equipment or computer networking devices mainly Routers, Company Headquartered in San Jose, California, United states of America. Initially found by two Stanford Computer scientists in 1984. A trifold increase in usage of internet technologies during early 90’s made cisco to dominate the market crossing hundred million mark and to become one among the fortune 500, which made industrialist to foresee theRead MoreCisco Systems Case Analysis1164 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿Cisco Systems: Launching the ASR 1000 Series Router Using Social Media Marketing Overview: Launching the ASR 1000 Series Router Using Social Media Marketing case concentrates on Cisco Systems innovative explore and-learn the way of utilizing social media to launch its ASR 1000 Series Edge Router. The organization had chosen to eschew customary print and television media in marketing the new product and had chosen rather to center its endeavors totally on digital Marketing andRead MoreAnalysis Of Cisco s Management System2039 Words   |  9 Pages â€Æ' ï‚ § Question 1 Organization: †¢ Cisco is a networking company that designs, manufactures, and sells networking equipment. In 1994, Cisco s management system was inflexible, which hindered the development of the company. Appropriate enterprise system †¢ Appropriate enterprise system to support Cisco is ERP system because ERP solved Cisco’s problems with flexibility and technology that happened in 1994. This system give Cisco many benefits such as: 1. With regard to technology, the IT platform architectureRead MoreCompetition Analysis : Cisco Systems, Inc. Essay2261 Words   |  10 PagesCompetition Analysis As Verizon continues to grow and acquire various companies, they still need to keep their competitive edge. Verizon’s business solution competitors are not only the same as their wireless competitors but one is even a partner. Cisco â€Å"Cisco Systems, Inc. is the worldwide leader in networking for the Internet. Cisco s Internet Protocol-based (IP) networking solutions are the foundation of the Internet and most corporate, education, and government networks around the world Cisco createsRead More Cisco Systems Business Analysis Essay1816 Words   |  8 PagesCisco Systems Cisco Systems - Worlds Leading Network Hardware Products Cisco Systems, Inc. is the worldwide leader in networking for the Internet. Cisco operates in one industry segment and creates hardware and software solutions that link computer networks so that people have easy access to information without regard to differences in time, place or type of computer system. Networking is a multi-billion dollar global market whose growth is spurred by the belief that the Internet isRead MoreCisco Systems,Inc: Implementing ERP : Case Analysis2334 Words   |  10 Pagesï » ¿ Harvard Business Case Analysis Cisco Systems, Inc.: Implementing ERP Management Information Systems 2014 SU – 18531 - MGMT 6352 Christine Nada July 30, 2014 Table of Contents Executive Summary†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 3 Case Synopsis†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦... 4 Strategy Analysis†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 5 Problems in Business Processes and Operations†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 6 Firm Based Value Chain Model†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦... 7 Model Application†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Read MoreFIN 515 Managerial Finance Week 3 First Course Project Answer1050 Words   |  5 Pagescourse project, I have chosen Cisco Systems, Inc. and tried to do the DuPont analysis for this company. Cisco Systems, Inc. designs, manufactures, and sells Internet Protocol (IP) based networking products and services related to the communications and information technology industry worldwide. Cisco also provides broad line of products for transporting data, voice, and video within buildings, across campuses, and around the world. Various products offered by Cisco are switching, NGN routing, collaborationRead MoreCase Study for Cisco1383 Words   |  6 PagesCisco Case Study Cisco Systems, Inc. (NASDAQ: CSCO) is an American multinational corporation headquartered in San Jose, California, United States, that designs and sells consumer electronics, networking, voice, and communications technology and services. Founded by Len Bosack and Sandy Lerner, a married couple who worked as computer operations staff members at Stanford University, along with Nicholas Pham, founded Cisco Systems in 1984. For the first time in a decade Cisco experienced its first

George Orwell s 1984, Winston - 1832 Words

Thesis: In George Orwell’s 1984, Winston resists the Party’s degradation of basic human rights through his intimate relationship with Julia in an effort to maintain his individuality. His example inspires people today to find ways to preserve their civil liberties when faced with oppression. Party’s degradation of basic human rights Winston’s resistance to the Party’s dehumanization through his intimate relationship with Julia Conclusion: Orwell’s call for all people to fight for the preservation of their civil liberties Outline: Although he faces dehumanization by the Party, Winston is able to retain his human rights through his relationship with Julia by utilizing his senses, recalling his past, and creating a private lifestyle away†¦show more content†¦In a glaring act of resistance, Winston ignores the Party’s implicit laws to disregard the surrounding world by listening to nature and touching Julia’s body. Although the Party insists that it is the only entity that can accurately observe and explicate reality, Winston trusts in the ability of his senses in an action of opposition during his experiences with Julia. Winston’s use of his memory during his time with Julia Julia inadvertently stimulates Winston’s memory as she unpacks coffee beans for her and Winston to share: â€Å"The smell was already filling the room, a rich hot smell which seemed like an emanation from his early childhood, but which one did occasionally meet even now . . . sniffed for an instant and then lost again† (Orwell 141). Although Winston’s perspective on his past has been distorted due to the Party’s continuous alteration of history, Julia prompts his recollection as she reveals contraband goods to him. Though his recount involving the smell of coffee is vague, the trivial act of remembering his past is considered a misdeed due to the fact that it is not the Party’s creation. Similar to how the pleasant fragrance of coffee is at times temporarily present but soon gone, the transient memories of citizens in Oceania are constantly replaced by thoughts of the Party’sShow MoreRelatedGeorge Orwell s Novel, 1984, Julia And Winston1387 Words   |  6 Pageslove and tolerance is a rebellion successful. Similar to Gandhi, in George Orwell’s science fiction novel, 1984, Julia and Winston, two rebellious lovers, fight against a larger power by holding onto every vestige of their dignity and morality. Big Brother, leader of Oceania, one of the three remaining states in the wor ld, oppresses its citizens through outlawing independence and free thought, claiming it to be Thought Crime. Winston and Julia struggle, not only stay alive, but remain humane as ThoughtRead MoreFrancess Kargbo. Mr. Bond-Theriault. 2Nd Period. 22 March1623 Words   |  7 PagesMarch 2017 1984 By: George Orwell From a new historicism , and psychoanalytic criticism view. â€Å"Big Brother is Watching You† As the future nears, most of humanity is starting to realize that â€Å"2+2=5†(. There is manipulation that occurs constructed by the government to control every aspect of reality, technology taking human jobs, those who control the present write history, social hierarchy, and wars that have no purpose. 1984 by Eric Arthur Blair is known by his pen name, George Orwell may not haveRead More1984 Argument1249 Words   |  5 PagesGeorge Orwell’s book 1984 is a very interesting novel. The novel is set up in Airstrip One. In George Orwell’s book 1984 it has many situations. One of the many situations are that some people refer society as â€Å"Orwellian.† What does Orwellian mean? Orwellian means, of or related to the works of George Orwell ( especially his picture of his future totalitarian state.) People believe that Orwell is realistic and say his work part of our society now. George Orwell was a writer in the twentieth centuryRead MoreCritical Analysis a nd Evaluation of 1984, by George Orwell.1487 Words   |  6 PagesGeorge Orwell 1984 The New American Library Copyright 1961 George Orwell George Orwell, whose real name was Eric Blair, was born in Bengal, India, in 1903. When he was eight years old, as it was customary, his mother brought him back to England to be educated. He was sent to a boarding school on the south coast, a school whose students were sons of the upper class. He was allowed in with lower tuition and not being from a wealthy background, he was subject to snobbery of the others at the schoolRead MoreThe Dystopian Novel, By George Orwell, And Andrew Niccol s `` Harrison Bergeron ``1222 Words   |  5 Pages War is peace, freedom is slavery, Ignorance is strength (Orwell 7) this is one of the very many slogans that were used to control society in George Orwell s piece 1984. Dystopian literature is a futuristic universe that is oppressive and uses bureaucratic, totalitarian, and/or technological control to control society. In Orwell s Dystopian book 1984, Kurt Vonnegut, Jr s short story Harrison Bergeron, and Andrew Niccol s film In time, there are man y examples of a Dystopia is that containRead More George Orwells 1984: Unmasking Totalitarianism1749 Words   |  7 Pagesfuture is usually one filled with hope. When failures of the past and present problems collide together, the future is often seen as a place of hope. This mindset was no different in Britain during the mid 20th century, especially in the late 1940’s. World War II had finally ended, the days of fighting Nazi Germany was behind everyone but present circumstances were bleak. Britain was still recovering from the effects of World War II and handling the transition of a new socialist democratic governmentRead MoreTotalitarianism in Orwells Mind Essay1053 Words   |  5 PagesThe Party desires to control every aspect of Winston Smith’s life; his work, ideologies, attitude, thoughts, appearance, everything. The Thought Police, Big Brother, and Ingsoc are embodiments of everything that author George Orwell hates in government. 1984, a book written by Orwell, depicts a society called Oceania, in which unwary citizens are obedient to the Party, a totalitarian regime. Totalitarianism is defined as a political system in which a centralized government does not tolerate anyRead MoreGovernment Surveillance And Totalitarianism In George Orwells 19841593 Words   |  7 PagesThe Correlation of Government Surveillance and Totalitarianism in 1984 During the production of 1984, author George Orwell never envisioned a tangible reality housing the society he constructed. He wrote the novel as a warning, a cautious exposà © showing those what could happen if society lost its sense of humanity; housed in a painfully relevant satire of totalitarian barbarism. In his novel 1984, George Orwell addresses the issue of government surveillance through his strategic use of point of viewRead MoreGeorge Orwell s Books On His Thoughts And Feelings Toward The World868 Words   |  4 PagesGeorge Orwell wrote his books based on his thoughts and feelings toward the world. These thoughts would begin to arise early on in his life. Growing up in India where his father was stationed as a British official, his mother and siblings soon moved to England where he received his education. Unfortunately because of his family s financial conditions Orwell was unable to attend the university he would have liked to attend. Instead he headed to Burma where he joined the Indian Imperial Police ForceRead MoreAnalysis Of George Orwell s 1984 1045 Words   |  5 Pages 1984 Foreword The time period in which 1984 was set was in the year 1984. It was very different from what our â€Å"1984† was like. Even though this book was not based on actual historical events, it does compare to things that happen in our society today. George Orwell also known as Eric Blair was born in 1903 in Motihari, Bengal. Orwell died on January 21st, 1950 in London, United Kingdom. (Woodstock) At the age of six, Orwell was sent to school at a small Anglican

Singapore Productivity Growth Sluggish

Question: Discuss about the Singapore Productivity Growth Sluggish. Answer: Introduction This essay outlines the different macroeconomic events that are impacting and generating challenges for Singapores economy. With regard to this, slow global growth, aging population and looming US rate hike have impact on the economy. The essay comes as the restructuring agenda in Singapores economy. Furthermore, this essay presents the macroeconomic issues such as long-term GDP growth rate, short-term recession, labour productivity and high valued servicing in the economy. These generating issues in Singapores economy have influence on the import and export of the nation. The reasons of these problems are volatile stock market, slump in construction, Brexit, US election, high operating and wages costs that are negatively influencing the economy. As a result of these problems, the society is influenced as well as economy of the nation. Therefore, the government of the country is implementing various policies to enhance the investment and to improve the productivity. Additionally, thi s essay describes the failure of the restructuring drive to lift productivity growth has to do with implementation. The take-up of various schemes to help firms improve productivity has not been widespread. Key Macroeconomic Issues faced by Singapore Government Different macroeconomic issues that are faced by Singapore government and affected to the economy are discussed as below: Long term GDP growth rate: The growth of rate of Singapore in recent years is not optimizing for the wealth of economy in past years. The obtained data shows that GDP growth rate of the economy is fluctuated and it is decreased from January 2016 and attributed -2% in October 2016 (Trading Economics, 2016). Therefore, the decreasing GDP growth rate is an issue for long term growth rate. It is because the fluctuated and decreasing GDP has a negative impact on an economys development. These figures indicates that the decreasing GDP growth rate have impacted to the economic development and influenced to the business cycle and new investments in the country. Short-term recession: At present time, the Singapores economy is facing short-term recession as a weak economy from near to empty malls during the weekday and it is hard for the workers to get their choice job. Due to Brexit fear and the uncertainty over the US presidential elections, is facing Short term global demand. For short-term there is no sign of a strong economic growth (Low, 2016). As per most recent it is found out that the manufacturing of the country dipped with 1.1 percent on a year basis due to weak global demand of oil, electronic and key export goods for Singapore. In October 2016, the export of Singapore is declined 12 percent due to the fear of US elections. Data presents that the continued slack in export and the US election pushed Singapores economy into a short-term recession (Jacob, 2016). Labour productivity: Labour productivity remains a major issue in Singapore. In order to attractiveness of employment opportunities and investment infrastructure, a large number of foreigners came in Singapore. Even though the total fertility rate of economy was decreasing, the population size was increased from 4 million in 2000 to 5.3 million in 2013. It contributed to the lesser productivity because the labour was unskilled which reduced their productivity. Additionally, lower productivity sectors were hiring more employees which also contributed to decreased productivity of the country (Koh, 2015). High valued servicing nation: In Singapore, the strategy of accumulation high valued service is a workable plan which applies on both service and manufacturing in coming decade. But in recent years it is observed that the dipping manufacturing and short-term recession have influenced the economys high valued services. Over last two decades the manufacturing wages raised with 6 percent and servicing with 5 percent, but the decreased growth rate and manufacturing generated the issue of decreasing high valued servicing for the economy (BMI Research, 2011). Causes of the problem In Singapore, the problem of recession was caused by the combination of internal and external factors. In this way, the slow industrialization growth and decreased demand of exporting goods and services in developing countries are the main cause of recession. Further, the poor performance of oil refining and shipbuilding due to new competitors has created the problem for Singapores economy. Internally, the operating costs, wages and rentals are going high in the country which made less competitive Singapores economy in the global market as the declined productivity. Slump in construction, high domestic saving rates and inflexibility in the economy damaged the Singapores economy (Singapore Government, 2016). Moreover, the plunging oil prices and volatile stock market also created the problem in Singapores economy. Therefore, the volatility is a cause of problems for the society and economy that has impacted to consumer spending. However, the rapid structural and technological changes in the country are cause of unemployment in spite of economic growth. The technological and structural improvement increased the output in less time. Therefore, it is observed that the structural improvement is also a cause of the above problems (Monetary Authority of Singapore, 2016). Impacts of the problem on society The slow growth rate and recession have a great impact on society and economy. They may be the cause of increasing unemployment in the society. In low economic growth rate, the demand of goods remains less and the firms produce less. Due to less production there will be less demand of workers and will increase the unemployment rate. At the time of recession in Singapore, the companies have declined workers because in uncertain and negative growth they obtained higher growth rate. Furthermore, in declining economy the companies try to decrease the cost by keeping low wages. At the time of global recession in Singapore the due to low wage the living standard of people decreased and the cost of living increased. As a result of recession and business cycle the firms make less profit therefore the government make lower corporation tax and the workers received lower income (Sobotka et al, 2011). Additionally, the slow growth rate leads to poorer investment and damaged the long-term product ivity competency of the economy. In this order, the fiscal deficit in the country increased and the value of currency decreased in global market. Therefore, it is observed that these problems are bad for the development of society and economy. In these problems, the investors hesitate to make new investment, and manufacturers are powerless to churn out products. Implemented policies by the government to solve the problems Singapores economy faces various kind of problem related to slow economic growth, ageing population and looming US rate hike. In regarding of this, it is observed that over the past decades the government has implemented different strategic economic plans and policies to reshape the nations economy. The latest strategic plan has been based on 2010 economic strategies committee report to strengthen the economy (Leong, 2015). The Singapore government implemented different kind of policies to restructure the economy and to solve the problems such as aggregate labor hours, labor productivity, demand side policies or fiscal policy and supply side policies or monetary policy. According to the Nomura global markets research analysis, Singapore economy was leading to less than stellar productivity growth. The policies implemented by government can be discussed as below- Increase Aggregate Labor Hours: To solve the problem related the productivity; Singapore government implemented the policies related to the aggregate labor hours. Aggregate labor hours policy is helpful to measure efforts of labor that was contributed in the countrys GDP. The policy indicates the exact number of working hours recorded in a particular year and it is a better measure of employment as against the unemployment rate. Government implemented this policy to arise the productivity growth to 2 to 3 percent, but the there is failure of restructuring drive to increase the productivity growth (Leong, 2015). Moreover, this policy leads to increase the labor hours by providing in house and external training by WSD approved training organization. Singapore government motivates the employees by organizing Workshops, Career fairs and other events (Ministr of Manpower, 2016). At this situation, the problem related debt-servicing as house hold and corporate debt level is relatively high. This policy of aggregate labor hour has not been widespread to help firms for improving productivity. The impact on aggregate supply or demand by increasing aggregate labor hours can be drawn as under Figure 1: AS-AD of Increase Labor hour policy Firstly, Singapore government implements the policy to increase the labor hours. Mainly this policy is aimed to supply more products in the country to increase the GDP. When government increase the aggregate labor hours than supply curve shift from AS1 to AS2. It means price of the products will decrease and supply quantity will be increased. In short run, supply curve can be shift to the right, which means decrease in wages, advancement in technology and increase in physical capital stock. Due to this, inflation rate of the Singapore economy may decrease because the prices of the products will be going downward. Increase Labor Productivity: Labor productivity means the real economic output per labor hour. There is direct relation between the productivity of the country and the growth of the country. Due to attractiveness of the infrastructure and employment opportunity in Singapore, it flooded with large number of foreigners. Even though the total fertility rate of economy was decreasing, the population size was increased from 4 million in 2000 to 5.3 million in 2013 (Chiarini et al., 2012). It contributed to the lesser productivity because the labour was unskilled which reduced their productivity. On the other hand, to increase the labor productivity Singapore government links with government agencies and ministries. With the help of SSG and WDA, government serves jobs to the seeker and provides training to develop their capabilities and knowledge (MINEDUC, 2016). This will help the Singaporeans for core and promote the development and competitiveness and workforce. Additionally, lower productivity sectors were hiring more employees which also contributed to decreased productivity of the country. In this way, the government of the country implemented the transition support package such as wage credit scheme, PIC bonus and income tax rebate to adjust the rising costs and to increase the labour productivity (Ning, 2015). To measure the impact of increase labor productivity can be drawn as under Figure 2: AS-AD of Increase Labor Productivity Increasing in the labor hour is causes for increase in labor productivity. By which, supply curve has been shifted to the right side. The policy also leads to increase the quantity from Q to Q1. It will raise the national income because of increase the demand of the products. Singapore government mainly focuses on the global growth (Shepherd and Haddad, 2011). Therefore, government invests in the productivity enhancing schemes to increase the growth of the economy. Demand side policies and Fiscal policies: Mainly the Singapore government used demand side and fiscal policies to promote the economic growth because the Singapore economy faces the issue of stagflation. To reduce the problems faced by Singapore economy, government involves in the spending programs. In addition to this, fiscal policies stimulate the demand of the country and enhancing the growth of the economy (Tucker, 2013). To resolve the problem of productivity in Singapore, government can impose additional taxes as well as government can invest their money in some benefited projects. By this, employment will be generated and government mainly focuses on the critical building infrastructure, tunnels and many more. In this way, the government used prudent fiscal policy to enjoy consistent budget surpluses over the years which contributes a high saving rate to achieve highest investment rates in the world without having to incur foreign debt (MAS, 2016). Moreover, due to investment projects it will help to increase the disposable income and consumption people. With the implementation of fiscal policy, effect on the aggregate demand and supply can be determine with the help of below curve-ut Figure 3: AS-AD of Demand Side Policy The above policy leads to use the revenues from taxes and also manage the expenditure that influences economy. The Singapore government spends money to assure the nation for a secure future. In addition to this, fiscal policy helps for the economic growth as well as for reducing the unemployment rate. When government invests in the different project, employment rate will be increase (Afonso and Vasconcelos, 2015). Due to this, people receive jobs and want to increase their standard of living. Therefore, demand of the product and service will be increased. In the above graph demand curve can be shifted from AD1 to AD2 because of the high income and price of the product and service will increase from P to P1. Supply side policies or monetary policy: Monetary policy is a mechanism which is used to control the inflation and maintain price stability in the economy. In Singapore, there is a situation of stagflation in which inflation is high, economic growth is slow and the rate of unemployment is relatively high. Therefore, Singapore government is applying the monetary policies to reduce the problems regarding economic growth and low productivity (Soon and Hoe, 2015). The government implemented this policy with the aim to increase the aggregate supply which will support to the corporate sector and the employment in the economy. In addition to this, to increase the supply of money in the economy at the time of recession in Singapore, government ties up with the central banks and ministries. Therefore, government will increase supply of money to reduce the unemployment (Singapore Government, 2016). The aim of supply side policies is to increase the production capacity of the Singapore economy. With the help of supply side and monetary policies government try to maintain the income tax and other basic tax rates to increase the level of personal allowances (Boland, 2014). MAS banking system liquidity framework provides the facilities which comprise the money market operations and liquidity facilities. MAS do not target the domestic interest rates of the country but they target the foreign exchange rate to increase the supply of money. They aim to ensure the appropriate amount of liquidity in the banking system of Singapore (MAS, 2013). Below curve indicate change in aggregate demand and aggregate supply by the implementation of supply side and monetary policies. Figure 4: AS-AD of Supply Side Policy From the above curve, it can be identified that government start printing additional currency to reduce the problems of Singapore economy. Due to which aggregate demand curve shift to right and peoples were easily afford necessary products, which they want. The policy leads to make the Singapore exports more affordable, attractive. On the other hand, monetary policy creates modest inflation in the country (Frenkel and Johnson, 2013). The above diagram indicates that increase in the demand can lead to increase the GDP of Singapore economy. On the other hand, with the supply of money demand of the people can be shifted in the diagram from AD1 to AD2 and price level is increase from P to P1. Increase in the price denotes a inflation in the Singapore economy. What should the government do over the next few years? It is expected that the global economic uncertainty will remain until the end of the decade. Therefore, Singapore government is continuing to develop the external environment through international trade agreements and making efforts to help the organizations to overcome the financial challenges (Weilun, 2016). Furthermore, as a key aspect the deep and liquid capital market of Singapore is a financial centre which supports to the economic growth of the nation. The extensive range of both government securities and foreign corporate bonds, Singapore offers a wide range of investment opportunities to support the nations economy (Singapore government, 2016). Additionally,the government should implement on continue basis fiscal and monetary policies to promote economic growth and control for the inflation in economy. Conclusion The Singapores economy has been experiencing short-term recession as a main factor that are influencing the growth rate of the economy. The performance of Singapore economy is fluctuating over the past few years that influence the overall manufacturing sector and government restructuring agendas. It is an important macroeconomic issue on which the long term growth of the country is depended. Furthermore, the action of increasing labour productivity is appropriate policy of the government in direction of economic growth. The GDP of the can be increase significantly through the contribution of increased labour hour the economy will be able to increase the productivity. The increased labour productivity will be beneficial for the growth of economy in a significant way. In order to improve the Singapores economy and boost the growth the government ensures the labour hour hours and further increase in the wages of the workers. This government implementation is capable for structural reform and makes able the economy to achieve better economic situation that will be turn in boost growth. In this concern, the government implemented transition support package which includes wages, credit scheme, PIC bonus and income tax rebate scheme for the adjustment of raised cost labour productivity. Labour productivity policy is a beneficial policy for both society and economy because it in creases the skills and wealth of the nation. Therefore the government should invest in productivity enhancing schemes for the long term economic growth. Reference Afonso, O. and Vasconcelos, P. B. (2015) Computational Economics: A Concise Introduction. USA: Routledge. BMI Reaserch (2011) High Value-Added Industries To Drive Growth. [Online]. Available at: https://www.bmiresearch.com/articles/high-value-added-industries-to-drive-growth (Accessed: 21 December 2016). Boland, L. A. (2014)The Methodology of Economic Model Building (Routledge Revivals): Methodology After Samuelson. USA: Routledge. Chiarini, B., Malanima, P. and Piga, G. 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MAS (2013) Implementation from Monetary Authority of Singapore, Monetary Policy Operations in Singapore, pp. 8-10. MAS (2016) Fiscal Policy. [Online]. Available at: https://www.sgs.gov.sg/The-SGS-Market/Fiscal-Policy.aspx (Accessed: 28 December 2016). MINEDUC (2016) WDA. [Online]. Available at: https://www.mineduc.gov.rw/agencies/wda/ (Accessed: 23 December 2016). Ministr of Manpower (2016) Hours of work, overtime and rest days. [Online]. Available at: https://www.mom.gov.sg/employment-practices/hours-of-work-overtime-and-rest-days (Accessed: 23 December 2016). Monetary Authority of Singapore (2016) Monetary Policy and Economics. [Online]. Available at: https://www.mas.gov.sg/Monetary-Policy-and-Economics.aspx (Accessed: 23 December 2016). Ning, T. S. (2015) Singapore Budget 2015: Key policy measures. [Online]. Available at: https://www.businesstimes.com.sg/government-economy/singapore-budget-2015/singapore-budget-2015-key-policy-measures (Accessed: 10 December 2016). Shepherd, B. and Haddad, M. (2011) Managing Openness: Trade and Outward-oriented Growth After the Crisis Trade and Development Series. Washington: World Bank Publications. Singapore Government (2016) Monetary Authority of Singapore. [Online]. Available at: https://www.mas.gov.sg/Singapore-Financial-Centre/Overview/Capital-Markets.aspx (Accessed: 24 December 2016). Singapore Government (2016) Singapore experiences its first post-independence. [Online]. Available at: https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/history/events/9f9489cf-5432-4797-bf66-fd1b3bab7a2b (Accessed: 12 December 2016). Sobotka, T., Skirbekk, V., and Philipov, D. (2011) Economic recession and fertility in the developed world.Population and development review,37(2), pp. 267-306. Soon, C. and Hoe, S. (2015) Singapore Perspectives 2015: Choices. Singapore: World Scientific. Trading Economics (2016) Singapore GDP Growth Rate. [Online]. Available at: https://www.tradingeconomics.com/singapore/gdp-growth (Accessed: 21 December 2016). 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Lecture Notes Beowulf free essay sample

Genre A heroic folk epic rooted in the oral tradition of the Anglo Saxons, Beowulf is an anonymous poem committed to paper by an unknown Christian monk in 1000 Common Era, some 300 years after it was first composed. The manuscript is part of a document known as Cotton Vitellus A housed in a British Library. Beowulf belongs to the epic genre of long, narrative poems dealing with heroic deeds against a background of war and the supernatural and themes of grandeur and significance. Full of legendary myths and somber, elegiac cadences, it has been composed in the Anglo Saxon vernacular and can be classed amongst other great epics such as the Illiad, Odyssey, Aenied and Paradise Lost to name a few. The name Beowulf is a kenning, Bee-Hunter reflecting the warrior heritage of the central character Basic Plot The poem is eponymously named for its hero Bewoulf, a great warrior and later King, who sets out to rescue King Hrothgar and his people from the monster Grendel. We will write a custom essay sample on Lecture Notes Beowulf or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page During the course of the poem, we see Beowulf slaying first Grendel and then his revenge seeking mother. Beowulf’s final conflict takes place with the Dragon angered by the plundering of the treasure it is guarding. Structure of the Poem There are three prevailing views as to the structure of the poem: -the structure is defined by the three increasingly difficult conflicts Beowulf faces -the structure can also be viewed in terms of kingship for instance, young Beowulf and old Beowulf with a different set of problems to be faced during each phase -the structure is that of interlacing of memories with narratives of present, a cyclical process of action, memory and reflection Background Although the poem is rooted in the Anglo Saxon as well as early Christian traditions, it reflects two distinct value systems frequently at odds with each other. For instance, in line with its Anglo-Saxon origins, the poem celebrates the Germanic heroic code, which, exemplifying the pagan warrior culture, lays stress upon family ties, genealogy, immortality through fame and revenge for wrongs done to one’s kith and kin. It values ancestral heritage and individual reputation. Christianity, on the other hand, believes in immortality in terms of the afterlife and teaches that vengeance is best left to God. Bewoulf and Grendel Bewoulf is not just a warrior and king. He also serves as a cultural ideal and as an incarnation of Anglo Saxon values and beliefs. The ‘Cain-descended’ Grendel, with his innate desire to tear asunder whatever has integrity, represents chaos and disorder, in contrast to Bewoulf, who represents order and cosmos. Grendel is the ultimate exile. Unferth Unferth acts as a foil to Beowulf by accentuating through contrast the character of the latter. He redeems his earlier verbal taunting (flyting) of Beowulf by offering him his sword in a later conflict. Literary devices/techniques Litotes-understatement e. g, ‘Cain had no pleasure from that find’ Kenning-metaphorical descriptions combining two words to offer evocative alternative to original Caesura-a pause in the line of a poem Alliteration- In language, alliteration refers to the repetition of a particular sound in the first syllables of a series of words or phrases.